{"taxonomy":{"exams":{"tifr":"TIFR GS Biology (JGEEBILS)","gate_xl":"GATE Life Sciences (XL)","jam_bt":"IIT JAM Biotechnology (BT)","gatb":"GAT-B","jee_main":"JEE Main","jee_adv":"JEE Advanced","jam_ph":"IIT JAM Physics (PH)","jam_cy":"IIT JAM Chemistry (CY)","jam_ma":"IIT JAM Mathematics (MA)","jam_ms":"IIT JAM Mathematical Statistics (MS)","jam_gg":"IIT JAM Geology (GG)","jam_en":"IIT JAM Economics (EN)","gate_cs":"GATE Computer Science and IT (CS)","gate_ec":"GATE Electronics & Communication (EC)","gate_ce":"GATE Civil Engineering (CE)","gate_da":"GATE Data Science & AI (DA)","gate_ee":"GATE Electrical Engineering (EE)","gate_me":"GATE Mechanical Engineering (ME)","neet_ug":"NEET UG","kcet":"Karnataka CET (KCET)","wbjee":"West Bengal JEE (WBJEE)"},"subjects":[{"id":"bio","name":"Biology","chapters":[{"id":"biomolecules","name":"Biomolecules","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"water-ph-buffers":"Water, pH & Buffers","carbohydrates":"Carbohydrates","lipids":"Lipids","amino-acids-proteins":"Amino Acids & Protein Structure","protein-folding":"Protein Folding & Misfolding","nucleic-acids":"Nucleic Acids","vitamins-coenzymes":"Vitamins & Coenzymes"}},{"id":"enzymes-bioenergetics","name":"Enzymes & Bioenergetics","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"enzyme-catalysis":"Enzyme Catalysis & Mechanism","enzyme-kinetics":"Enzyme Kinetics (Michaelis-Menten, Hill)","enzyme-inhibition":"Enzyme Inhibition","enzyme-regulation":"Regulatory Enzymes","bioenergetics":"Bioenergetics & Redox","atp":"High-Energy Compounds & ATP"}},{"id":"metabolism","name":"Metabolism","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"glycolysis-gluconeogenesis":"Glycolysis & Gluconeogenesis","tca":"TCA Cycle","oxphos":"Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation","ppp":"Pentose Phosphate Pathway","lipid-metabolism":"Lipid Metabolism","nitrogen-metabolism":"Amino Acid, Nucleotide & Nitrogen Metabolism","photosynthesis":"Photosynthesis","metabolic-regulation":"Metabolic Regulation & Hormones","metabolic-disorders":"Metabolic Disorders"}},{"id":"cell-biology","name":"Cell Biology","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"cell-structure":"Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells","organelles":"Organelles","membranes-transport":"Membranes & Transport","cytoskeleton":"Cytoskeleton","protein-targeting":"Protein Targeting & Degradation","cell-cycle":"Cell Cycle, Mitosis & Meiosis","apoptosis-ecm":"Apoptosis & Extracellular Matrix","chromatin":"Chromosomes & Chromatin"}},{"id":"cell-signalling","name":"Cell Signalling","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"receptors":"Receptors & Ligands","signal-transduction":"Signal Transduction Pathways","hormones-neurotransmitters":"Hormones & Neurotransmitters","ion-channels":"Ion Channels & Action Potential","bacterial-signalling":"Two-Component Systems & Quorum Sensing"}},{"id":"molecular-biology","name":"Molecular 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Disorders & Pedigrees","model-organisms":"Model Organisms"}},{"id":"microbiology","name":"Microbiology","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"history":"History of Microbiology","methods-sterilization":"Culture Methods & Sterilization","taxonomy-diversity":"Microbial Taxonomy & Diversity","prokaryotic-structure":"Prokaryotic Cell Structure","growth-nutrition":"Microbial Growth & Nutrition","microbial-metabolism":"Microbial Metabolism","microbial-genetics":"Microbial Genetics (Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction)","virology":"Viruses","pathogenesis":"Microbial Diseases & Host-Pathogen Interaction","antimicrobials":"Antimicrobials & Chemotherapy","microbial-ecology":"Microbial Ecology"}},{"id":"immunology","name":"Immunology","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"innate":"Innate Immunity","adaptive":"Humoral & Cell-Mediated Immunity","antibodies":"Antibody Structure, Function & Diversity","mhc-antigen-presentation":"MHC & Antigen Presentation","complement":"Complement","lymphoid-organs-cells":"Lymphoid Organs & Immune Cells","tolerance-disorders":"Tolerance, Hypersensitivity & Autoimmunity","vaccines":"Vaccines","parasitology":"Parasitology"}},{"id":"rdna","name":"Recombinant DNA Technology","exams":["gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"restriction-enzymes":"Restriction & Modification Enzymes","vectors":"Cloning & Expression Vectors","libraries":"cDNA & Genomic Libraries","pcr":"PCR & qPCR","sequencing":"DNA Sequencing","blotting-hybridization":"Blotting & Hybridization","markers-fingerprinting":"Molecular Markers & DNA Fingerprinting","mutagenesis-editing":"Site-Directed Mutagenesis & Genome Editing (CRISPR)","gene-transfer-therapy":"Gene Transfer & Gene Therapy"}},{"id":"techniques","name":"Biotechniques","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"microscopy":"Microscopy","centrifugation":"Centrifugation","chromatography":"Chromatography","electrophoresis":"Electrophoresis","spectroscopy":"Spectroscopy (UV-Vis, Fluorescence, CD, IR, NMR, MS)","immunotechniques":"Immunotechniques (ELISA, Western, RIA)","flow-cytometry":"Flow Cytometry","structural":"Crystallography & Calorimetry","interaction-assays":"DNA-Protein & Protein-Protein Interaction Methods"}},{"id":"bioinformatics","name":"Bioinformatics & Genomics","exams":["gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"databases":"Sequence & Structure Databases","alignment":"Sequence Alignment & Scoring Matrices","phylogenetics":"Phylogenetic Analysis","structure-prediction":"Structure Prediction & Molecular Dynamics","omics":"Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics & Metabolomics"}},{"id":"plant-biology","name":"Plant 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Physiology","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"digestive":"Digestive System","circulatory":"Circulatory System","respiratory":"Respiratory System","excretory":"Excretory System","nervous":"Nervous System","muscular-skeletal":"Muscular & Skeletal Systems","endocrine":"Endocrine System","reproductive":"Reproductive System"}},{"id":"animal-diversity-behaviour","name":"Animal Diversity & Behaviour","exams":["tifr","gate_xl"],"subtopics":{"classification":"Animal Classification & Phylogeny","behaviour":"Animal Behaviour"}},{"id":"developmental-biology","name":"Developmental Biology","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt"],"subtopics":{"gametogenesis-fertilization":"Gametogenesis & Fertilization","early-development":"Cleavage & Gastrulation","pattern-formation":"Pattern Formation & Morphogenesis","stem-cells":"Stem Cells & Differentiation"}},{"id":"animal-biotech","name":"Animal Biotechnology","exams":["jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"cell-culture":"Animal Cell Culture","hybridoma":"Hybridoma & Monoclonal Antibodies","cloning-transgenics":"Animal Cloning & Transgenic Animals"}},{"id":"evolution","name":"Evolution","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt"],"subtopics":{"origin-of-life":"Origin of Life","natural-selection":"Natural Selection & Adaptation","speciation":"Speciation","phylogeny":"Phylogeny & Classification"}},{"id":"ecology","name":"Ecology & Environment","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt"],"subtopics":{"ecosystems":"Ecosystems & Energy Flow","biogeochemical":"Biogeochemical Cycles","population-ecology":"Population Ecology","community-ecology":"Community Interactions & Succession","biomes-biogeography":"Biomes & Biogeography","biodiversity-conservation":"Biodiversity & Conservation","pollution-climate":"Pollution, Climate Change & Remediation"}},{"id":"bioprocess","name":"Bioprocess & Industrial Biotechnology","exams":["jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"fermentation":"Fermentation (Batch, Fed-batch, Continuous)","growth-kinetics":"Growth & Product Kinetics","bioreactors":"Bioreactor Design, Aeration & Agitation","sterilization":"Media & Air Sterilization","downstream":"Downstream Processing","industrial-products":"Industrial Products & Immobilization","bioremediation":"Bioremediation & Effluent Treatment"}},{"id":"food-technology","name":"Food Technology","exams":["gate_xl"],"subtopics":{"food-chemistry":"Food Chemistry & Nutrition","food-microbiology":"Food Microbiology","food-products":"Food Products Technology","food-engineering":"Food Engineering"}},{"id":"ncert-living-world","name":"The Living World","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"diversity-taxonomy":"Diversity, taxonomy & nomenclature","taxonomic-categories":"Taxonomic categories & hierarchy","taxonomical-aids":"Taxonomical aids (herbarium, museum, keys)"}},{"id":"ncert-biological-classification","name":"Biological Classification","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"monera":"Kingdom Monera (bacteria)","protista":"Kingdom Protista","fungi":"Kingdom Fungi","plantae-animalia":"Plantae, Animalia & five kingdoms","viruses-lichens":"Viruses, viroids & lichens"}},{"id":"ncert-plant-kingdom","name":"Plant Kingdom","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"algae":"Algae","bryophytes":"Bryophytes","pteridophytes":"Pteridophytes","gymnosperms":"Gymnosperms","angiosperms-life-cycles":"Angiosperms & alternation of generations"}},{"id":"ncert-morphology-plants","name":"Morphology of Flowering Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"root":"Root","stem":"Stem","leaf":"Leaf","inflorescence-flower":"Inflorescence & flower","fruit-seed":"Fruit & seed","families":"Families (Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Liliaceae)"}},{"id":"ncert-anatomy-plants","name":"Anatomy of Flowering Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"tissues":"Meristematic & permanent tissues","tissue-systems":"Tissue systems","dicot-monocot-anatomy":"Anatomy of dicot & monocot organs","secondary-growth":"Secondary growth"}},{"id":"ncert-cell-unit-of-life","name":"Cell: The Unit of Life","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"cell-theory-types":"Cell theory, prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells","cell-envelope":"Cell envelope, membrane & wall","membranous-organelles":"Membrane-bound organelles","non-membranous-organelles":"Ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrioles","nucleus":"Nucleus & chromosomes"}},{"id":"ncert-biomolecules","name":"Biomolecules","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"carbohydrates-lipids":"Carbohydrates & lipids","amino-acids-proteins":"Amino acids & proteins","nucleic-acids":"Nucleic acids","enzymes":"Enzymes","biomolecule-analysis":"Analysis, metabolism basics"}},{"id":"ncert-cell-cycle","name":"Cell Cycle and Cell Division","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"cell-cycle":"Cell cycle phases","mitosis":"Mitosis","meiosis":"Meiosis"}},{"id":"ncert-transport-plants","name":"Transport in Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"water-relations":"Diffusion, osmosis & water potential","xylem-transport":"Absorption & ascent of sap, transpiration","phloem-transport":"Phloem transport (mass flow)","mineral-uptake":"Uptake & transport of minerals"}},{"id":"ncert-mineral-nutrition","name":"Mineral Nutrition","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"essential-elements":"Essential elements & criteria","deficiency":"Deficiency symptoms","nitrogen-metabolism":"Nitrogen fixation & metabolism"}},{"id":"ncert-photosynthesis","name":"Photosynthesis in Higher Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"pigments-early-experiments":"Early experiments & pigments","light-reaction":"Light reactions","calvin-c3-c4":"Calvin cycle, C3 & C4 pathways","photosynthesis-factors":"Photorespiration & limiting factors"}},{"id":"ncert-respiration-plants","name":"Respiration in Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"glycolysis-fermentation":"Glycolysis & fermentation","krebs-ets":"Krebs cycle & electron transport","respiratory-quotient":"Respiratory quotient, amphibolic pathway"}},{"id":"ncert-plant-growth","name":"Plant Growth and Development","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"growth-phases":"Growth phases & kinetics","plant-hormones":"Plant growth regulators","photoperiodism-vernalisation":"Photoperiodism & vernalisation"}},{"id":"ncert-reproduction-organisms","name":"Reproduction in Organisms","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"asexual":"Asexual reproduction","sexual":"Sexual reproduction, events & life span"}},{"id":"ncert-sexual-repro-plants","name":"Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"flower-structure":"Flower, stamen, pistil","micro-megasporogenesis":"Micro & megasporogenesis, embryo sac","pollination":"Pollination & pollen-pistil interaction","fertilisation-seed-fruit":"Double fertilisation, seed & fruit","apomixis-polyembryony":"Apomixis & polyembryony"}},{"id":"ncert-inheritance","name":"Principles of Inheritance and Variation","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"mendel":"Mendel's laws & crosses","deviations":"Incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles","linkage-crossing-over":"Linkage, crossing over & chromosomal theory","sex-determination":"Sex determination & sex linkage","genetic-disorders":"Mutation & genetic disorders"}},{"id":"ncert-molecular-basis","name":"Molecular Basis of Inheritance","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"dna-structure":"DNA structure & packaging","replication":"DNA replication","transcription":"Transcription","translation-genetic-code":"Genetic code & translation","gene-regulation":"Lac operon & gene regulation","genome-fingerprinting":"Human genome & DNA fingerprinting"}},{"id":"ncert-biotech-principles","name":"Biotechnology: Principles and Processes","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"rdna-tools":"Restriction enzymes, vectors, tools","rdna-processes":"PCR, cloning & bioreactors"}},{"id":"ncert-biotech-applications","name":"Biotechnology and its Applications","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"agriculture":"GM crops, Bt, RNAi","medicine":"Insulin, gene therapy, molecular diagnosis","ethics":"Transgenic animals, biosafety, biopiracy"}},{"id":"ncert-microbes","name":"Microbes in Human Welfare","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"household-industrial":"Household & industrial products","sewage-biogas":"Sewage treatment & biogas","biocontrol-biofertilisers":"Biocontrol agents & biofertilisers"}},{"id":"ncert-organisms-populations","name":"Organisms and Populations","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"adaptations":"Organism & environment, adaptations","population-attributes":"Population attributes & growth","interactions":"Population interactions"}},{"id":"ncert-ecosystem","name":"Ecosystem","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"structure-productivity":"Structure & productivity","energy-flow-decomposition":"Decomposition & energy flow","pyramids":"Ecological pyramids","nutrient-cycling":"Nutrient cycling","succession":"Ecological succession"}},{"id":"ncert-biodiversity","name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"patterns":"Biodiversity patterns","loss-conservation":"Loss & conservation"}},{"id":"ncert-environmental-issues","name":"Environmental Issues","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"pollution":"Pollution & control","ozone-greenhouse":"Ozone depletion & greenhouse effect","deforestation":"Deforestation & waste"}},{"id":"ncert-animal-kingdom","name":"Animal Kingdom","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"classification-basis":"Basis of classification","non-chordates":"Non-chordates (Porifera to Echinodermata)","chordates":"Chordates"}},{"id":"ncert-structural-animals","name":"Structural Organisation in Animals","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"animal-tissues":"Animal tissues","frog":"Frog","cockroach":"Cockroach","earthworm":"Earthworm"}},{"id":"ncert-digestion","name":"Digestion and Absorption","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"alimentary-canal":"Alimentary canal & glands","digestion-enzymes":"Digestion of food","absorption-disorders":"Absorption & disorders"}},{"id":"ncert-breathing","name":"Breathing and Exchange of Gases","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"respiratory-system":"Respiratory organs & mechanism","gas-exchange-transport":"Exchange & transport of gases","regulation-disorders":"Regulation & disorders"}},{"id":"ncert-body-fluids","name":"Body Fluids and Circulation","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"blood-lymph":"Blood & lymph","heart-cardiac-cycle":"Heart & cardiac cycle","ecg-disorders":"ECG, regulation & disorders"}},{"id":"ncert-excretion","name":"Excretory Products and their Elimination","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"nephron-urine":"Human excretory system & urine formation","osmoregulation-disorders":"Regulation, other organs & disorders"}},{"id":"ncert-locomotion","name":"Locomotion and Movement","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"muscle-contraction":"Muscle & contraction","skeleton-joints":"Skeletal system & joints","disorders":"Disorders of muscles & bones"}},{"id":"ncert-neural-control","name":"Neural Control and Coordination","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"neuron-impulse":"Neuron & nerve impulse","cns-reflex":"Central nervous system & reflex","sense-organs":"Eye & ear"}},{"id":"ncert-chemical-coordination","name":"Chemical Coordination and Integration","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"endocrine-glands":"Endocrine glands & hormones","hormone-action":"Mechanism of hormone action"}},{"id":"ncert-human-reproduction","name":"Human Reproduction","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"reproductive-systems":"Male & female reproductive systems","gametogenesis":"Gametogenesis","menstrual-fertilisation-pregnancy":"Menstrual cycle, fertilisation, pregnancy & parturition"}},{"id":"ncert-reproductive-health","name":"Reproductive Health","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"contraception-mtp":"Contraception & MTP","sti-infertility":"STIs, infertility & ART"}},{"id":"ncert-evolution","name":"Evolution","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"origin-of-life":"Origin of life","evidences":"Evidences of evolution","natural-selection":"Darwin, natural selection & adaptive radiation","hardy-weinberg":"Hardy-Weinberg principle","human-evolution":"Human evolution"}},{"id":"ncert-human-health","name":"Human Health and Disease","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"pathogens-diseases":"Common diseases & pathogens","immunity":"Immunity & vaccination","aids-cancer":"AIDS & cancer","drugs-alcohol":"Drugs & alcohol abuse"}},{"id":"ncert-food-production","name":"Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production","exams":["neet_ug","kcet"],"subtopics":{"animal-husbandry":"Animal husbandry","plant-breeding":"Plant breeding","tissue-culture-scp":"Tissue culture & single cell protein"}},{"id":"neet_ug-unsorted","name":"NEET UG (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["neet_ug"],"subtopics":{"all":"All"}}]},{"id":"chem","name":"Chemistry","chapters":[{"id":"atomic-structure","name":"Atomic Structure & Periodicity","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"quantum":"Bohr Model & Quantum Theory","configuration":"Electronic Configuration","periodicity":"Periodic Properties"}},{"id":"bonding","name":"Chemical Bonding","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"ionic-covalent":"Ionic & Covalent Bonding","vsepr-hybridization":"VSEPR & Hybridization","mo-vb":"MO & VB Theory","intermolecular":"Hydrogen Bonding & Intermolecular Forces"}},{"id":"inorganic","name":"Inorganic & Coordination Chemistry","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"s-p-block":"s- and p-Block Elements","d-block":"d-Block Elements","coordination":"Coordination Complexes & CFT","bioinorganic":"Bioinorganic Chemistry"}},{"id":"equilibrium","name":"Equilibria & Solutions","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"concentration":"Concentration, Moles & Dilution","chemical-equilibrium":"Chemical Equilibrium","acids-bases":"Acids, Bases, pH & Buffers","solubility":"Solubility Product & Common Ion Effect","colligative":"Colligative Properties"}},{"id":"thermodynamics","name":"Chemical Thermodynamics","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"first-law":"First Law & Thermochemistry","second-law":"Entropy & Free Energy"}},{"id":"kinetics","name":"Chemical Kinetics","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"rate-laws":"Rate Laws & Order","arrhenius":"Activation Energy","catalysis":"Catalysis"}},{"id":"electrochemistry","name":"Electrochemistry","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"conductance":"Conductance","cells-nernst":"Cell Potential & Nernst Equation","redox":"Oxidation Numbers & Redox Reactions"}},{"id":"organic-basics","name":"Organic Chemistry: Structure & Mechanisms","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"electronic-effects":"Inductive, Resonance & Electromeric Effects","stereochemistry":"Isomerism & Stereochemistry","aromaticity":"Aromaticity","substitution-elimination":"Substitution & Elimination","addition":"Addition Reactions","aromatic-substitution":"Aromatic Substitution"}},{"id":"organic-compounds","name":"Organic Compounds & Functional Groups","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"hydrocarbons":"Hydrocarbons","halides-alcohols":"Alkyl Halides, Alcohols & Phenols","carbonyls-acids":"Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids","amines":"Amines & Diazonium Salts","biomolecule-chemistry":"Chemistry of Biomolecules"}},{"id":"photochemistry","name":"Photochemistry & Spectroscopy Basics","exams":["tifr","jam_bt"],"subtopics":{"photochemistry":"Photochemistry","spectroscopy-basics":"Spectroscopy Basics"}},{"id":"basic-concepts","name":"Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"mole-concept":"Mole Concept & Molar Mass","stoichiometry":"Stoichiometry & Limiting Reagent","concentration-terms":"Concentration Terms","empirical-formula":"Empirical & Molecular Formula"}},{"id":"structure-of-atom","name":"Atomic Structure","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"bohr-spectra":"Bohr Model & Hydrogen Spectrum","quantum-numbers":"Quantum Numbers & Orbitals","electronic-configuration":"Electronic Configuration","dual-nature-uncertainty":"Dual Nature & Uncertainty Principle"}},{"id":"chemical-bonding","name":"Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"ionic-covalent":"Ionic & Covalent Bonding, Fajans' Rules","vsepr-hybridisation":"VSEPR & Hybridisation","mot":"Molecular Orbital Theory","dipole-hbond":"Dipole Moment, Resonance & Hydrogen Bonding"}},{"id":"chemical-thermodynamics","name":"Chemical Thermodynamics","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"first-law-enthalpy":"First Law, Enthalpy & Hess's Law","entropy-gibbs":"Entropy, Gibbs Energy & Spontaneity"}},{"id":"solutions","name":"Solutions","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"concentration-raoult":"Raoult's Law & Ideal Solutions","colligative":"Colligative Properties & van 't Hoff Factor","henry-solubility":"Henry's Law & Solubility of Gases"}},{"id":"chemical-equilibrium","name":"Equilibrium","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"chemical-equilibrium":"Chemical Equilibrium, Kp & Kc","ionic-equilibrium":"Ionic Equilibrium, pH & Buffers","solubility-product":"Solubility Product","le-chatelier":"Le Chatelier's Principle"}},{"id":"redox-electrochemistry","name":"Redox Reactions & Electrochemistry","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"redox":"Redox Reactions & Balancing","conductance":"Conductance & Kohlrausch's Law","cells-nernst":"Electrochemical Cells & Nernst Equation","electrolysis":"Electrolysis & Faraday's Laws"}},{"id":"chemical-kinetics","name":"Chemical Kinetics","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"rate-law-order":"Rate Law & Order","integrated-rate":"Integrated Rate Laws & Half-life","arrhenius":"Temperature Dependence & Arrhenius Equation","mechanism":"Mechanism & Molecularity"}},{"id":"periodicity","name":"Classification of Elements & Periodicity","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"periodic-trends":"Periodic Trends","periodic-table":"Periodic Table & Nomenclature"}},{"id":"p-block","name":"p-Block Elements","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","neet_ug","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"group-13-14":"Groups 13 & 14","group-15-16":"Groups 15 & 16","group-17-18":"Groups 17 & 18"}},{"id":"d-f-block","name":"d- & f-Block 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Waves","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"displacement-maxwell":"Displacement current, Maxwell's equations","plane-em-waves":"Plane EM waves, Poynting vector and theorem, field energy","reflection-refraction":"Reflection and refraction at a dielectric interface (normal incidence)"}},{"id":"jamph-kinetic-theory","name":"Kinetic Theory of Gases","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"velocity-distribution":"Velocity distribution, equipartition of energy","specific-heats":"Specific heats of mono-, di-, tri-atomic gases","real-gases":"Ideal and van der Waals gas, equation of state","mean-free-path":"Mean free path"}},{"id":"jamph-thermodynamics","name":"Thermodynamics","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"laws-thermo":"Zeroth, first law; isothermal and adiabatic processes","reversibility":"Reversible, irreversible, quasi-static processes","second-law-entropy":"Second law, entropy, Carnot cycle","relations-potentials":"Maxwell relations, thermodynamic potentials","phase-transitions":"Phase transitions, Clausius-Clapeyron equation"}},{"id":"jamph-statistical-physics","name":"Statistical Distributions","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"ensembles":"Ideas of ensembles","distributions":"Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein distributions"}},{"id":"jamph-relativity","name":"Special Relativity","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"postulates-lorentz":"Inertial frames, postulates, Lorentz transformations","contraction-dilation":"Length contraction, time dilation","velocity-mass-energy":"Velocity addition, mass-energy equivalence"}},{"id":"jamph-quantum-origins","name":"Old Quantum Theory and Radiation","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"blackbody-photoelectric":"Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect","compton-xrays":"Compton effect, X-rays","bohr-model":"Bohr's atomic model","wave-particle-duality":"Wave-particle duality"}},{"id":"jamph-quantum-mechanics","name":"Quantum Mechanics","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"uncertainty-superposition":"Uncertainty principle, superposition principle","expectation-values":"Calculation of expectation values","schrodinger-boxes":"Schrodinger equation, 1D/2D/3D boxes","harmonic-oscillator":"One-dimensional harmonic oscillator","step-potential":"Reflection and transmission at a step potential","pauli-exclusion":"Pauli exclusion principle"}},{"id":"jamph-nuclear-physics","name":"Nuclear Physics","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"nucleus-binding-energy":"Structure of the nucleus, mass and binding energy","radioactivity":"Radioactivity and its applications, decay laws"}},{"id":"jamph-solid-state","name":"Crystal Structure and Semiconductors","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"crystal-structure":"Crystal structure, Bravais lattices, Miller indices","xray-bragg":"X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law","semiconductors-fermi":"Intrinsic/extrinsic semiconductors, resistivity, Fermi level"}},{"id":"jamph-semiconductor-devices","name":"Semiconductor Devices","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"pn-diode":"p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics","zener":"Zener diode and applications","bjt":"BJT characteristics in CB, CE, CC modes"}},{"id":"jamph-analog-electronics","name":"Amplifiers, Oscillators and Op-Amps","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"amplifiers":"Single-stage and two-stage R-C coupled amplifiers","oscillators":"Barkhausen condition, sinusoidal oscillators","opamp":"Op-amp: inverting and non-inverting amplifier"}},{"id":"jamph-digital-electronics","name":"Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates","exams":["jam_ph"],"subtopics":{"number-systems":"Binary number systems, conversion, addition and subtraction","boolean-de-morgan":"Boolean algebra, de Morgan's theorem","logic-gates":"AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR; truth tables, combinations"}},{"id":"communication-systems","name":"Communication Systems (earlier syllabus)","exams":["neet_ug"],"subtopics":{"modulation":"Modulation, bandwidth & transmission","propagation":"Propagation of EM waves, sky/space waves","communication-basics":"Elements of a communication system"}},{"id":"neet_ug-unsorted","name":"NEET UG (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["neet_ug"],"subtopics":{"all":"All"}}]},{"id":"math","name":"Mathematics","chapters":[{"id":"algebra","name":"Algebra","exams":["tifr","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"sets-functions":"Sets, Relations & Functions","logarithms":"Logarithms","complex":"Complex Numbers","equations":"Linear & Quadratic Equations","sequences":"Sequences & Series","pnc-binomial":"Permutations, Combinations & Binomial Theorem"}},{"id":"matrices","name":"Matrices & Determinants","exams":["tifr","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"matrices":"Matrices & Determinants","eigen":"Eigenvalues"}},{"id":"trig-geometry","name":"Trigonometry & Geometry","exams":["tifr","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"trigonometry":"Trigonometry","coordinate":"Coordinate Geometry","3d-vectors":"3D Geometry & Vectors","mensuration":"Mensuration"}},{"id":"calculus","name":"Calculus","exams":["tifr","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"limits":"Limits & Continuity","differentiation":"Differentiation & Applications","integration":"Integration","diff-equations":"Differential Equations"}},{"id":"probability-statistics","name":"Probability & Statistics","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","jam_bt","gatb"],"subtopics":{"probability":"Probability","distributions":"Binomial, Poisson & Normal Distributions","descriptive":"Mean, Median, Mode & SD","regression":"Correlation & Regression"}},{"id":"sets-relations-functions","name":"Sets, Relations & Functions","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"sets":"Sets","relations":"Relations","functions":"Functions","inverse-trig":"Inverse Trigonometric Functions"}},{"id":"complex-quadratic","name":"Complex Numbers & Quadratic Equations","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"complex-numbers":"Complex Numbers","quadratic-equations":"Quadratic Equations"}},{"id":"matrices-determinants","name":"Matrices & Determinants","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"matrices":"Matrices","determinants":"Determinants","linear-systems":"Systems of Linear Equations"}},{"id":"permutations-combinations","name":"Permutations & Combinations","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"counting":"Permutations & Combinations"}},{"id":"binomial-theorem","name":"Binomial Theorem","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"binomial":"Binomial Expansion & Coefficients"}},{"id":"sequences-series","name":"Sequences & Series","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"ap-gp-hp":"AP, GP & HP","special-series":"Special Series & Summation"}},{"id":"limits-continuity-differentiability","name":"Limits, Continuity & Differentiability","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"limits":"Limits","continuity-differentiability":"Continuity & Differentiability","derivatives":"Methods of Differentiation","applications-of-derivatives":"Applications of Derivatives"}},{"id":"integral-calculus","name":"Integral Calculus","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"indefinite":"Indefinite Integrals","definite":"Definite Integrals & Properties","area":"Area Under Curves"}},{"id":"differential-equations","name":"Differential Equations","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"order-degree-formation":"Order, Degree & Formation","solving":"Solving Differential Equations"}},{"id":"coordinate-geometry","name":"Coordinate Geometry","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"straight-lines":"Straight Lines","circles":"Circles","parabola":"Parabola","ellipse-hyperbola":"Ellipse & Hyperbola"}},{"id":"three-d-geometry","name":"Three-Dimensional Geometry","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"lines-planes":"Lines & Planes in 3D"}},{"id":"vector-algebra","name":"Vector Algebra","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"vectors":"Vectors, Dot & Cross Products"}},{"id":"statistics-probability","name":"Statistics & Probability","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"statistics":"Statistics","probability":"Probability","distributions":"Random Variables & Distributions"}},{"id":"trigonometry","name":"Trigonometry","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv","kcet","wbjee"],"subtopics":{"identities-equations":"Trigonometric Identities & Equations","heights-triangles":"Properties of Triangles & Heights and Distances"}},{"id":"jee-unsorted","name":"JEE (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["jee_main","jee_adv"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}},{"id":"jama-sequences-series","name":"Sequences and Series of Real Numbers","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"sequences-convergence":"Convergence, bounded, monotone and Cauchy sequences, Bolzano-Weierstrass","series-tests":"Absolute convergence; comparison, ratio and root tests","power-series":"Power series, radius and interval of convergence, term-wise differentiation and integration"}},{"id":"jama-real-functions","name":"Functions of One Real Variable","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"limit-continuity":"Limit, continuity, intermediate value property","differentiation-mvt":"Differentiation, Rolle's theorem, mean value theorem, L'Hospital rule","taylor-extrema":"Taylor's theorem and series, maxima and minima","riemann-integration":"Riemann integration, fundamental theorem of calculus"}},{"id":"jama-multivariable-functions","name":"Functions of Two or Three Real Variables","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"limit-continuity-mv":"Limit and continuity","partial-total-derivatives":"Partial and total derivatives","extrema-mv":"Maxima and minima"}},{"id":"jama-integral-calculus","name":"Integral Calculus (multiple integrals)","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"double-triple-integrals":"Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration","areas-volumes":"Surface areas and volumes using double and triple integrals"}},{"id":"jama-differential-equations","name":"Differential Equations","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"first-order-odes":"Bernoulli, exact, integrating factors, homogeneous, separation of variables, orthogonal trajectories","second-order-odes":"Linear second order with constant coefficients, variation of parameters, Cauchy-Euler"}},{"id":"jama-basic-algebra","name":"Basic Algebra","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"permutations-combinations":"Permutations and combinations","binomial-theorem":"Binomial theorem"}},{"id":"jama-matrices","name":"Matrices","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"linear-systems":"Systems of linear equations","rank-nullity-inverse":"Rank, nullity, rank-nullity theorem, inverse, determinant","eigenvalues-vectors":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors"}},{"id":"jama-vector-spaces","name":"Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"basis-dimension":"Linear independence, basis, dimension","linear-transformations":"Linear transformations, matrix representation, range and null space"}},{"id":"jama-groups","name":"Groups","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"cyclic-abelian-groups":"Cyclic, abelian and non-abelian groups","permutation-groups":"Permutation groups","subgroups-lagrange":"Normal subgroups, quotient groups, Lagrange's theorem","homomorphisms":"Group homomorphisms"}},{"id":"jam-unsorted","name":"JAM (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["jam_ma"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}}]},{"id":"apt","name":"General Aptitude","chapters":[{"id":"quantitative","name":"Quantitative Aptitude","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","gate_cs","gate_ec"],"subtopics":{"arithmetic":"Arithmetic (Percentages, Ratios, Averages)","estimation":"Estimation & Scaling","series":"Number Series"}},{"id":"reasoning","name":"Logical & Analytical Reasoning","exams":["tifr","gate_xl","gate_cs","gate_ec"],"subtopics":{"logic":"Logic & Deduction","puzzles":"Puzzles","data-interpretation":"Data Interpretation","spatial":"Spatial Aptitude","algorithms":"Algorithms & Pseudocode"}},{"id":"verbal","name":"Verbal Aptitude","exams":["gate_xl","gate_cs","gate_ec"],"subtopics":{"grammar-vocab":"Grammar & Vocabulary","comprehension":"Reading Comprehension"}},{"id":"gate_cs-unsorted","name":"GATE CS (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["gate_cs"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}},{"id":"gate_ec-unsorted","name":"GATE EC (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["gate_ec"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}}]},{"id":"stat","name":"Mathematical Statistics","chapters":[{"id":"jams-sequences-series","name":"Sequences and Series","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"sequences-limits":"Sequences, convergence, Cauchy and monotonic sequences, limsup and liminf","series-tests":"Convergence tests: comparison, ratio, root, condensation, integral, Leibnitz","power-series":"Absolute and conditional convergence, power series, radius of convergence"}},{"id":"jams-differential-calculus","name":"Differential Calculus (one and two variables)","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"one-variable":"Limits, continuity, differentiability, Rolle and Lagrange MVT, Taylor and Maclaurin, L'Hospital, extrema","two-variables":"Partial and total differentiation, Hessian, saddle points, Lagrange multipliers"}},{"id":"jams-integral-calculus","name":"Integral Calculus","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"integral-theorems":"Fundamental theorems, Leibnitz rule, differentiation under integral sign","improper-beta-gamma":"Improper integrals, Beta and Gamma integrals","multiple-integrals-applications":"Double integrals, change of order and variables, arc length, areas, volumes"}},{"id":"jams-matrices","name":"Matrices and Determinants","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"vector-spaces":"Vector spaces, span, independence, basis, null space","matrix-algebra":"Algebra of matrices, standard matrices, trace, adjoint and inverse","determinants":"Determinants and their properties, Cramer's rule","rank-linear-systems":"Rank, nullity, echelon forms, consistent systems of equations","eigen-cayley-hamilton":"Characteristic roots and vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem","quadratic-forms":"Quadratic forms and definiteness"}},{"id":"jams-descriptive-statistics","name":"Descriptive Statistics","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"central-dispersion":"Measures of central tendency and dispersion","moments-skewness-kurtosis":"Moments, skewness and kurtosis","bivariate-correlation":"Bivariate data, covariance, correlation, rank correlation"}},{"id":"jams-probability","name":"Probability","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"events-axioms":"Sample space, events, axiomatic probability, inclusion-exclusion, Boole and Bonferroni inequalities","conditional-bayes":"Conditional probability, total probability, Bayes' theorem","independence":"Pairwise and mutual independence"}},{"id":"jams-univariate-distributions","name":"Univariate Distributions","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"random-variables-cdf":"Random variables, c.d.f., p.m.f., p.d.f.","transformations":"Distribution of a function of a random variable","expectation-mgf":"Expectation, moments, quantiles, m.g.f.","inequalities":"Markov and Chebyshev inequalities","discrete-distributions":"Bernoulli, binomial, negative binomial, geometric, Poisson, hypergeometric","continuous-distributions":"Uniform, exponential, gamma, beta, normal, Cauchy and related"}},{"id":"jams-multivariate-distributions","name":"Multivariate Distributions","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"joint-marginal-conditional":"Joint, marginal and conditional distributions, independence","transformations-expectation":"Functions of random vectors, expectation, Jacobian method","covariance-mgf":"Covariance, correlation, joint m.g.f., conditional moments","multinomial-bivariate-normal":"Multinomial and bivariate normal distributions, additive properties"}},{"id":"jams-limit-theorems","name":"Limit Theorems","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"modes-of-convergence":"Convergence in probability, mean square, almost sure, in distribution","laws-clt":"Weak and strong laws of large numbers, central limit theorem"}},{"id":"jams-sampling-distributions","name":"Sampling Distributions","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"order-statistics":"Random sample, statistics, order statistics","chi-square":"Central chi-square distribution","t-distribution":"Central t-distribution","f-distribution":"Central F-distribution and relationships between t, F, chi-square"}},{"id":"jams-estimation","name":"Estimation","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"unbiased-sufficiency":"Unbiasedness, sufficiency, factorization theorem, completeness","umvue-cramer-rao":"Consistency, efficiency, UMVUE, Rao-Blackwell, Lehmann-Scheffe, Cramer-Rao","estimation-methods":"Method of moments and maximum likelihood","least-squares-regression":"Least squares and simple linear regression","confidence-intervals":"Confidence intervals"}},{"id":"jams-hypothesis-testing","name":"Testing of Hypotheses","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"errors-power":"Hypotheses, Type-I and II errors, size, power, p-value","mp-ump-neyman-pearson":"Most powerful and UMP tests, Neyman-Pearson lemma","likelihood-ratio":"Likelihood ratio tests for the normal distribution"}},{"id":"jams-nonparametric","name":"Nonparametric Methods","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"runs-empirical-ks":"Runs test, empirical distribution function, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test","sign-mann-whitney":"Sign tests and Mann-Whitney test"}},{"id":"jams-stochastic-processes","name":"Stochastic Processes","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"markov-chains":"Discrete-time Markov chains, Chapman-Kolmogorov, classification, stationary distributions","poisson-process":"Poisson process, interarrival and waiting times"}},{"id":"jam-unsorted","name":"JAM (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["jam_ms"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}}]},{"id":"geo","name":"Geology","chapters":[{"id":"jamgg-planet-earth","name":"The Planet Earth","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"origin-structure-age":"Origin of the solar system and Earth; internal structure, composition, age","pt-density-dating":"Pressure-temperature-density variations; radiometric dating (Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd, 14C)","volcanism-earthquakes":"Volcanism, volcanic landforms, earthquakes","magnetism-gravity-tectonics":"Earth's magnetism and gravity, isostasy, plate tectonics and orogeny"}},{"id":"jamgg-geomorphology","name":"Geomorphology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"weathering-erosion-soil":"Weathering, erosion, deposition, soil formation","landform-processes":"Endogenous and exogenous processes of landform development","rivers-drainage":"Rivers, drainage basins, patterns and network characteristics","landforms":"Fluvial, aeolian, marine, glacial and karst landforms"}},{"id":"jamgg-structural-geology","name":"Structural Geology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"dip-strike-maps":"Dip, strike, rake, plunge, contours, rule of Vs, outcrop patterns, geological maps, cross-sections","folds-faults-joints":"Folds, faults, joints, unconformities, foliations, lineations","stereographic-projection":"Stereographic and equal-area projections","quantitative-structures":"Quantitative interpretation of structures, outcrops, bore-hole data"}},{"id":"jamgg-palaeontology","name":"Palaeontology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"evolution-fossils":"Stages in the evolution of life forms, fossils and preservation","macrofossils-age":"Macrofossils in age determination and palaeoenvironment","invertebrates":"Brachiopoda, Mollusca, Trilobita, Echinodermata","plant-vertebrate-fossils":"Gondwana plant fossils, Indian vertebrate fossils (Equidae, Proboscidea)"}},{"id":"jamgg-stratigraphy","name":"Stratigraphy","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"principles-classification":"Principles; litho-, chrono- and bio-stratigraphy; correlation","precambrian-india":"Archaean cratons, Proterozoic mobile belts, Cuddapah and Vindhyan basins","phanerozoic-india":"Palaeozoic-Mesozoic of Spiti and Kashmir, Gondwana, Kutch, Trichinopoly, Cenozoic sequences"}},{"id":"jamgg-mineralogy","name":"Mineralogy","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"crystallography":"Symmetry, crystal classes, Miller indices, twinning","mineral-chemistry":"Isomorphism, polymorphism, solid solution, exsolution","optical-mineralogy":"Elements of optical mineralogy","rock-forming-minerals":"Classification, structure, chemistry and properties of rock-forming minerals"}},{"id":"jamgg-igneous-petrology","name":"Igneous Petrology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"classification-texture":"Classification and texture of igneous rocks, forms of igneous bodies","magma-evolution":"Evolution and diversification of magma, binary systems","genesis-associations":"Genesis of common igneous rocks and associations"}},{"id":"jamgg-sedimentary-petrology","name":"Sedimentary Petrology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"classification-texture-structures":"Classification, texture and structures of sedimentary rocks","sandstone-limestone":"Petrology of sandstone and limestone","environments-facies":"Sedimentary environments and facies"}},{"id":"jamgg-metamorphic-petrology","name":"Metamorphic Petrology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"classification-types":"Classification, texture, types of metamorphism, controls","phase-rule-projections":"ACF, AKF, AFM diagrams, phase rule","zones-facies":"Zones and facies, assemblages of pelites and mafic rocks"}},{"id":"jamgg-economic-geology","name":"Economic Geology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"ore-minerals-processes":"Physical properties of economic minerals, ore-forming processes","indian-deposits":"Metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits of India","reserves-grade":"Ore grade and reserve estimation","coal-hydrocarbon":"Coal and hydrocarbon geology, Indian occurrences"}},{"id":"jamgg-applied-geology","name":"Applied Geology","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"groundwater":"Groundwater geology, aquifers, porosity, permeability, flow","engineering-geology":"Engineering geology, dams and tunnels","remote-sensing":"Basics of remote sensing"}},{"id":"jam-unsorted","name":"JAM (chapters to be tagged)","exams":["jam_gg"],"subtopics":{"all":"All questions"}}]},{"id":"econ","name":"Economics","chapters":[{"id":"jamen-consumer-theory","name":"Consumer Theory","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"preferences-utility":"Preference, utility and representation theorem, budget constraint, choice","demand-slutsky":"Ordinary and compensated demand, Slutsky equation","revealed-preference":"Revealed preference axioms"}},{"id":"jamen-production-cost","name":"Theory of Production and Cost","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"production-technology":"Production technology, isoquants, production functions, returns to scale","costs":"Short-run and long-run costs and cost curves"}},{"id":"jamen-general-equilibrium","name":"General Equilibrium and Welfare","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"exchange-production-equilibrium":"Equilibrium and efficiency under exchange and production","welfare-theorems":"Welfare economics, theorems of welfare economics"}},{"id":"jamen-market-structure","name":"Market Structure","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"competition-monopoly":"Perfect competition, monopoly, pricing with market power","price-discrimination":"First, second and third degree price discrimination","monopolistic-oligopoly":"Monopolistic competition and oligopoly"}},{"id":"jamen-game-theory","name":"Game Theory","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"strategic-form-nash":"Strategic form games, dominated strategies, Nash equilibrium","mixed-strategies":"Mixed extension and mixed strategy Nash equilibrium","classic-games":"Cournot, Bertrand, Prisoner's dilemma"}},{"id":"jamen-market-failure","name":"Public Goods and Market Failure","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"externalities-public-goods":"Externalities and public goods","asymmetric-information":"Adverse selection and moral hazard"}},{"id":"jamen-national-income","name":"National Income Accounting","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"income-accounting":"Structure, key concepts, measurement, circular flow (closed and open economy)","sector-variables":"Money, fiscal and foreign sector variables"}},{"id":"jamen-macro-functions","name":"Behavioural and Technological Functions","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"consumption-functions":"Absolute income, life-cycle, permanent income, random walk","investment-money-production":"Investment functions, money demand and supply, production function"}},{"id":"jamen-closed-economy","name":"Business Cycles and Models (Closed Economy)","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"cycles-classical-keynesian":"Business cycle facts, Classical and Keynesian models","keynesian-cross-multiplier":"Keynesian cross and multiplier","is-lm":"IS-LM model, Hicks' synthesis, monetary and fiscal policy"}},{"id":"jamen-open-economy","name":"Business Cycles and Models (Open Economy)","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"mundell-fleming":"Mundell-Fleming model","ad-as":"Keynesian flexible price (AD-AS) model, policies"}},{"id":"jamen-inflation-unemployment","name":"Inflation and Unemployment","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"inflation":"Inflation: theories, measurement, causes, effects","unemployment":"Unemployment: types, measurement, causes, effects"}},{"id":"jamen-growth-models","name":"Growth Models","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"harrod-domar-solow":"Harrod-Domar, Solow and neoclassical growth","endogenous-growth":"AK, Romer and Schumpeterian growth models"}},{"id":"jamen-probability","name":"Probability Theory","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"probability-basics":"Sample space, axioms, conditional probability, Bayes' rule, independence","random-variables-distributions":"Random variables, expectation, variance, moments, common distributions","joint-distributions":"Jointly distributed variables, covariance, correlation"}},{"id":"jamen-mathematical-statistics","name":"Mathematical Statistics","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"sampling-estimation":"Random sampling, point and interval estimation, method of moments, maximum likelihood","estimator-properties":"Properties of estimators, sampling distributions, confidence intervals","limit-theorems":"Central limit theorem, law of large numbers"}},{"id":"jamen-hypothesis-testing","name":"Hypothesis Testing","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"test-statistics":"Distributions of test statistics, testing population parameters","errors-power":"Type I and Type II errors, power of a test","two-sample-tests":"Tests for comparing two samples"}},{"id":"jamen-correlation-regression","name":"Correlation and Regression","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"correlation":"Correlation and its types","ols-clrm":"Regression analysis, OLS, CLRM assumptions, properties of OLS","fit-variance":"Goodness of fit, variance and covariance of the OLS estimator"}},{"id":"jamen-india-before-1950","name":"Indian Economy before 1950","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"colonial-economy":"Transfer of tribute, deindustrialization"}},{"id":"jamen-planning-development","name":"Planning and Indian Development","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"planning-models":"Planning models, agriculture-industry relation, challenges of planning"}},{"id":"jamen-india-after-1991","name":"Indian Economy after 1991","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"bop-crisis-reforms":"1991 balance of payments crisis, economic reforms","trade-investment-reforms":"Reforms in trade and foreign investment"}},{"id":"jamen-banking-finance","name":"Banking, Finance and Macroeconomic Policies","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"banking-crr-slr":"Banking in India, CRR and SLR","financial-fiscal-monetary":"Financial sector reforms, fiscal and monetary policy, savings and investment rates"}},{"id":"jamen-social-development","name":"Inequalities in Social Development","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"health-education-disparities":"Achievements in health and education, disparities between states"}},{"id":"jamen-poverty","name":"Poverty","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"poverty-estimation":"Methodology and issues in poverty estimation"}},{"id":"jamen-labour-market","name":"India's Labour Market","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"unemployment-lfpr":"Unemployment and labour force participation rates"}},{"id":"jamen-functions-preliminaries","name":"Preliminaries and Functions","exams":["jam_en"],"subtopics":{"sets-functions":"Set theory, elementary functions, functions of several variables, level curves","convexity-concavity":"Convex sets, concavity, quasiconcavity, convexity","sequences-complex":"Sequences and series, complex numbers, De Moivre's theorem"}},{"id":"jamen-differential-calculus","name":"Differential 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